A Simple Guide to Become a School Board Member

The school board is the governing body of a school district. Board members are the only elected officials within an individual school district who have a say in the daily operations of that school district. A district is only as good as the board members who make up the entirety of the board. Becoming a school board member is not for everyone: You must be willing to listen to and work with others and be an adept and active problem solver. Boards where members bond and agree on most issues usually oversee an effective school district. Boards that are split and feud often have disarray and turmoil, which ultimately undermines the mission of schools in the district. A boards decisions matter: Poor decisions can lead to ineffectiveness, but good decisions will improve the overall quality of the school or schools in the district. Qualifications to Run for School Board There are five common qualifications that most states have in order to be eligible to be a candidate in a school board election. A school board candidate must: Be a registered voter.Be a resident of the district she is running inHave at least a high school diploma or a certificate of high school equivalencyNot have been convicted of a felonyNot be a current employee of the district and/or be related to a current employee in that district. Although these are the most common qualifications necessary to run for school board, it does vary from state to state. Check with your local election board for a more detailed list of required qualifications. Reasons to Become a School Board Member Becoming a school board member is a serious commitment. It takes quite a bit of time and dedication to be an effective school board member. Unfortunately, not every person who runs for a school board election is doing it for the right reasons. Each individual who chooses to be a candidate in a school board election does so for his own personal reasons. Candidates may run for a school board seat because they: Have a child in the district and want to have a direct impact on their education.Love politics and want to be an active participant in the political aspects of the school district.Want to serve and support the district.Believe they can make a difference in the overall quality of education that the school is providing.Have a personal vendetta against a teacher/coach/administrator and want to get rid of them. Composition of the School Board A school board is usually made up of three, five or seven members depending on the size and configuration of that district. Each position is an elected one and terms are typically either four or six years. Regular meetings are held once a month, typically at the same time each month (such as the second Monday of each month). A school board typically is made up of a president, vice president, and secretary. The positions are nominated and chosen by the board members themselves. Officer positions are typically chosen once a year. Duties of the School Board A school board is designed as the principle democratic body that represents local citizens on education and school-related issues. Being a school board member isn’t easy. Board members have to stay up-to-date on current educational issues, must be able to understand education jargon and have to listen to parents and other community members who want to pitch their idea on how to improve the district. The role of the board of education plays in a school district is vast. The board is responsible for hiring/evaluating/terminating the district superintendent. This is probably the most important duty of the board of education. The district’s superintendent is the face of the district and is ultimately responsible for managing the daily operations of the school district. Every district needs a superintendent who is trustworthy and who has a good relationship with their board members. When a superintendent and school board are not on the same page, chaos can ensue. The board of education develops policy and direction for the school district. The board of education also: Prioritizes and approves the budget for the school district.Has the final say on hiring school personnel and/or terminating a current employee in the district.Establishes the vision that reflects the overall goals of the community, staff, and the board.Makes decisions on school expansion or closure.Manages the collective bargaining process for the district’s employees.Approves many components of the district’s daily operations including the school calendar, contracts with outside vendors and curriculum The duties of a board of education are much more comprehensive than those listed above. Board members put in a lot of time in what essentially amounts to a volunteer position. Good board members are invaluable to a school district’s development and success.  The most effective school boards are arguably those that have a direct impact on nearly every facet of the school but do so in obscurity rather than the limelight.

Analysis Of Tupac Shakur s The Rose That Grew From...

Words of Courage The way someone views life should be beyond imaginable. Author, Tupac Shakur, gives narrative poems of his views of life and what should be granted to the world. Each poem displays an overall theme of endurance despite the boundaries he faces as well as the world. The poem â€Å"Liberty needs Glasses,† explains how there should be more freedom granted to the people. Tupac explains how the freedom â€Å"given† to us is an understatement. Although slavery is over, peoples’ minds are still shackled. The meaning of freedom between citizens and the government are observed differently between the two groups. In addition, the poem â€Å"The Rose that Grew from Concrete,† gives a narrative poem of persistence. Individuals are capable of having dreams bigger than themselves despite the boundaries they face. Tupac explains that having struggles is the road to someone’s dreams becoming reality. Discouragement is only in the mind of an individu al and should not interfere with any bodies goals they are trying to obtain. Furthermore, the poem â€Å"Life through My Eyes,† gives an analysis of what life is through the eyes of the author. This narrative poem resembles pain as the author gives his past a recapitulation. As many narrative poems would be, it is highly emotional. Lastly, the poem â€Å"In the Event of My Demise,† the author shares how he would like to be remembered. It is important that one reaches their goalShow MoreRelatedHail Mary by Tupac Shakur A literary Analysis1259 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Hail Mary by Tupac Shakur A literary Analysis The song â€Å"Hail Mary† by Tupac Shakur has sparked continued interest and attracted much criticism. Tupac’s application of the eternal theme of the struggle between good and evil to the cycle of prey vs. predator that is showcased in â€Å"Hail Mary† is unique and incorporates heart, mind, body and soul. Tupac explores the catch 22 of falling prey to evil if choosing to become a predator in order to survive, and shares the conflicting emotionsRead MoreTupac Shakur: A Brief Life Story1779 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The only thing that comes to a sleeping man is dreams†-Tupac Shakur Lesane Parish Crooks also known as was Tupac Shakur was brought into the world on June 16, 1971 in the beautiful state of New York City. Both of Shakur’s Bill Garland and Afeni Shakur were both black panthers around the late 1960’s and late 70’s, Shakur lived a hard life as a child and grew up around a lot of violence and criminal defense. When Shakur was smaller his godfather Elmer Pratt had been convicted of murdering a high

Solar Panel Business Project

Question: Discuss about theSolar Panel Business Project. Answer: Introduction The general aim of this project is to evaluate the business of manufacturing of and trading in solar energy panels. Specific objectives included: to undertake a comparative review of the nature of the solar power business in India and Australia, to evaluate the future growth and potential of the solar power business in India, to evaluate the political and legal factors which affect the solar power business, and to evaluate the importance of solar power business in the rural areas. The study made use of both primary and secondary data sources. Secondary sources were used to generate quantitative data touching on: required investment, expected rate of return, capital structure types and financing methods for solar businesses. Financial and accounting techniques was used to analyse the capital structure (debt to equity ratio), and rate of return (return on investment or ROI). Secondary data was also collected for the political and legal aspects of the solar panel business, and analysed using the content analysis method. Data related to the importance of solar panel was based on the attitudes of the consumers. This was collected using primary methods, and specifically the survey method. Structured questionnaires, designed around the 5-point likert scale, will be administered to a sample of 100 solar power consumers selected through the simple random sampling method, and the responses was evaluated using both descriptive statistics and the linear regression method. The findings indicate that the solar power business will yield positive ROIs for both India and Australia, but the returns are likely to be potentially higher in Australia than in India. Therefore, it is recommended that Australia offers the best investment arena for solar power business Data Collection and Analysis Introduction to Data Collection and Analysis To successfully answer the posited research questions and meet the research objectives, secondary and primary data were collected by the researcher. Analysis of the collected data was carried out, on the basis of which the requisite conclusions were derived. The findings made and the analysis done thereof are presented in this chapter. Solar Power Business in India and Australia One of the main questions here was to provide reliable estimates on the quantum of investments required to establish a solar power business in India. Latest estimates from the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission were considered, and the investment breakdown for the typical solar power business (per megawatt) is presented in the table 3.1 below: Item Cost (Rs. lakhs/MW) Percentage of overall cost Solar PVs 310.19 62% Land 25 5% Civil and general works 35 7% Structural works 35 7% Unit for power conditioning (PCU) 30 6% Solar power evacuation costs 40 8% Preliminary and contingency costs 26.13 5% TOTAL INVESTMENT OUTLAY REQUIRED 501.32 100% Source: Irena (2016) It was also found that capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity which the solar power business can use to finance their assets (Faccio and Xu 2015). It may consist of debt, equity, or retained earnings or a mix of these three. Since debt is typically cheaper than equity, use of more debt should be considered since it is likely to reduce the firms weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and therefore increase the value of the business (Robb and Robinson 2012). Moreover, use of debt helps to generate tax shield savings for the solar business firms (i.e. interest payments are tax deductible) and should therefore be encouraged. This is aligned with a number of capital structure theories, including the net income and Miller Modigliani (MM2) theories (Awan, Rashid and Zia-ur-Rehman 2011). However, high levels of debt may lead to bankruptcy or generate high distress costs for the businesses (Fan, Titman and Twite 2012). Therefore, in line with the trade-off theory, the solar business firms ought to find an optimal structure which maximises on the benefits of using debt, while minimising on the negative effects of using debt (DeAngelo, DeAngelo and Whited 2011). The average proportions of debt and equity in the solar power business capital structure were found to be 75:25 for India while the debt to equity ratio for Australia was found to be 4:1. The various options available to finance the capital structure of the solar power business are summarised in table 3.2 below: DEBT EQUITY RETAINED EARNINGS Debentures Ordinary shares Bonds Preference shares (including cumulative and redeemable preference shares) Loans Redeemable shares Warrants Source: Political and Legal Aspects of the Solar Power Business Document analysis showed that the Indian government generally had supportive policies and frameworks which played an instrumental role in enhancing the expansion of the solar power business in India. Under the National Solar Mission framework, document analysis has shown that the Indian government has stimulated the growth and expansion of solar energy through: offering solar power businesses a raft of tax exemptions, and offering attractive subsidies to solar power businesses (Mnre.gov, 2016). For instance, solar power businesses are allowed to import PV cells on an import-tax free basis. Other policies are focussed on offering incentives targeted at solar power generation and include depreciated income tax benefits of up to 80%. Policies supporting grid-based power allow solar power projects to attract up to 90% subsidy financing. These have reduced the costs for solar power businesses and also helped to provide capital for the business, thus ensuring the development and growth of these businesses. Similarly, document analysis showed that the legal framework in India had been configured to encourage the expansion of the solar power business in India. This legal framework comprised of the Electricity Act, 2003as well as the Energy Conservation Act, 2001(Ministry of Law Justice 2016). Importance of Solar Power Business to Rural Areas Attitudes related to the importance of solar power business in India were solicited from a sample of 100 consumers of solar energy in the country. 73 responses (representing a survey response rate of 73%) were obtained, and the findings are captured in table 3.3 below: Research Question Number of respondents YES NO Has the solar power business aided the growth of rural areas? 51 (69.9%) 22 (30.1%) Does this business help in generating employment opportunities for the people? 53 (72.6%) 20 (27.4%) Has this framework helped in the overall development of the rural areas in both monetary and non-monetary terms? 46 (63%) 27 (37%) Source: author Table 3.3 demonstrates that the majority of the rural dwellers were in agreement that the solar power business was important, insofar as it helped to stimulate growth in the rural areas, generate job opportunities for them, and facilitated monetary and non-monetary growth and development of the rural areas (EAI 2016). Summary of Data Collection and Analysis The findings and analyses presented in the chapter demonstrate that the average investment per MW for the solar power business in India is 5 crores while that in Australia is 9 crores. Rate of return analysis using the ROI as the key metric shows that the solar power business is viable (i.e. positive annual as well as lifetime ROI). The average proportions of debt and equity in the solar power business capital structure were found to be 75:25 for India while the debt to equity ratio for Australia was found to be 4:1. The political and legal environment was also found to be favourable for the solar power business, with the majority of solar power consumers in rural areas in agreement that the solar power business was important, insofar as it helped to stimulate growth in the rural areas, generate job opportunities for them, and facilitated monetary and non-monetary growth and development of the rural areas. Discussion of Results These findings align to the initial hypothesis that solar panel industry in India is still in an infancy stage and a lot many things are still to be discovered. As the table 3.1 shows, a single megawatt of solar power in India would require an investment of 501.32 lakhs (or 5 crore). This translates to 835,533.3 US dollars per megawatt of solar power, and compares favourably with the cost estimate of 4-6 crores given by CFD in the literature review. PV modules account for the bulk of the investment cost (up to 62%) of setting up a solar power business in India. Based on a similar breakdown of investment costs captured in table CSW above, however, it was found that the per MW cost of investing in a solar power business in Australia was much higher compared to India, with VDE giving investment cost estimates of 8-10 crores. With the initial investment costs known, it was possible to compute the expected rate of return for the solar power business in both India and Australia. The expected rate of return can be computed using the return on investment (ROI) metric (Lloret Romero 2011), which by definition is captured by the formula: ROI = (gain from investment investment cost)/investment cost Assuming optimum conditions (i.e. maximum number of sunny days possible in both countries), air mass, irradiation, temperature, and operation and maintenance activities, it was projected, in line with Efficient Carbon (2016) estimates, that each megawatt of installed solar power will generate 1.5 million units per megawatt each year. According to Sharma (2016), solar tariffs in India stand at 5 Rupees per unit. Therefore, each MW generated by a solar power business in India is expected to yield annual revenues of 7,500,000 Rs (or 0.75 crore) (i.e. 1.5m multiplied by Rs 5). The typical solar power module/plant has a useful life of 25 years, and will therefore generate lifetime revenues of 18.75 crore (i.e. 0.75 multiplied by 25). According to Efficient Carbon, average operating and maintenance costs as pegged by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission were Rs.12.3 lakhs/year/MW for 2014-15. Assuming this shall remain constant over the projects useful life, total OM costs will be 3.075 crore (i.e. 12.3 lakhs multiplied by 25, and then converted into crores at the rate of 1 crore = 100 lakh). The difference between the revenues generated and the OM costs represent the gain from the investment, that is: 0.75-0.123 crores per year or 0.627 crores annually. Over 25 years, the gain will be 18.75 3.075 = 15.675 crores. Accordingly, this yields a lifetime ROI for the solar business in India of: (15.675-5)/5 = 213.5% or 8.52% every year. This is lower than the 15% rate of return projected by SAW. Replicating the same calculations for Australia will yield the ROI for the solar power business in Australia. Electricity cost in Australia averages 27.5 cents per kilowatt-hour (Brakels 2013). This generates total annual revenues of $412, 500 or lifetime revenues of $10,312,500. OM costs were found to range between $18 and $20 over the solar power business lifetime (average of $19) (Arena 2016). Over 25 years, the gain will be $10,312,500 - $19 = $10,312,481 (i.e. 524,118, 600.45 rupees or 52.41 crores). Accordingly, this yields a lifetime ROI for the solar business in India of: (52.41-9)/9 = 482.3% or 19.292% every year. This compares to the average rate of return of 16% earned by Australian solar power firms over the last three years, as per BGF. From the calculations, it is evident that the solar power business will yield positive ROIs for both India and Australia, but the returns are likely to be potentially higher in Australia than in India. Therefore, it is recommended that Australia offers the best investment arena for solar power business. Conclusion and Future Work 1page Conclusion The research sought to evaluate the business of manufacturing of and trading in solar energy panels, with specific objectives including: to undertake a comparative review of solar power business in India and Australia, to evaluate the future growth and potential of the solar power business in India, to evaluate the political and legal factors which affect the solar power business, and to evaluate the importance of solar power business in the rural areas. The research findings indicate that average investment per MW for the solar power business in India is 5 crores while that in Australia is 9 crores. Solar power business in both countries are viable (have positive ROI), with average proportions of debt and equity in the solar power being 75:25 for India and the debt to equity ratio for Australia was found to be 4:1. The political and legal environment was also found to be favourable for the solar power business, with the majority of solar power consumers in rural areas in agreement that the solar power business was important, insofar as it helped to stimulate growth in the rural areas, generate job opportunities for them, and facilitated monetary and non-monetary growth and development of the rural areas. Future Work Even though the research findings presented in this study have a high degree of reliability and validity, a number of limitations have exist, which future studies need to improve on. Firstly, the calculation of the rate of return has been done based on the assumption of constant solar tariffs. In reality, the historical trends have been such that solar tariffs have been declining. This is likely to continue into the future, as the cost of solar energy becomes cheaper due to factors such as technological improvements. Secondly, the calculation has also been based on the assumption of constant OM costs. In reality, due to factors such as inflation, these costs are likely to increase (Efficient Carbon). These assumptions have significant repercussions on the ROI, OM, and other components used to assess the viability of the solar power business, given that solar projects have an average lifespan of 25 years. Consequently, to get more precise estimates, it is proposed that future studies incorporate the time-varying effects of tax, inflation, and changing tariffs in their calculations (Solleder 2013). Moreover, the calculations made have been based on assumptions of optima conditions regarding the number of sunny days, air mass, irradiation, temperature, and operation and maintenance activities. More accurate calculations can be made by considering the actual conditions in both India and Australia, and future studies should look into this. The Reference List APVI 2016, PV in Australia 2014 - APVI. [Available from: https://apvi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/PV-in-Australia-2014.pdf [ 16 October 2016]. Awan, TN, Rashid, M Zia-ur-Rehman, M 2011, Analysis of the determinants of Capital Structure in sugar and allied industry, International Journal of Business and Social Science,Vol.2, no.1. DeAngelo, H, DeAngelo, L Whited, TM 2011,Capital structure dynamics and transitory debt, Journal of Financial Economics,Vol.99, no.2, pp.235-261. EAI 2016, Central and State Government Solar Policies - EAI.in. Available from: https://www.eai.in/ref/ae/sol/policies.html [16 October 2016]. Efficient Carbon 2016, Frequently Asked Questions on Solar Power, Available from: https://efficientcarbon.com/services/energy/renewable-energy-advisory/frequently-asked-questions [16 October 2016]. Faccio, M Xu, J. (2015) Taxes and capital structure, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,Vol.50, no.03, pp.277-300. Fan, JP, Titman, S Twite, G 2012) An international comparison of capital structure and debt maturity choices,Journal of Financial and quantitative Analysis,Vol.47, no.01, pp.23-56. Irena 2016, Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series, Available from: https://www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/re_technologies_cost_analysis-csp.pdf [16 October 2016]. Lloret Romero, N 2011, ROI. Measuring the social media return on investment in a library, The Bottom Line,Vol.24, no.2, pp.145-151. Ministry of Law Justice(2016) The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 - Ministry of Law Justice. Available from: https://lawmin.nic.in/ld/P-ACT/2001/The%20Energy%20Conservation%20Act,%202001.pdf [16 October 2016]. Mnre.gov 2016, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy - Scheme / Documents. Mnre.gov.in. Available from: https://www.mnre.gov.in/solar-mission/jnnsm/introduction-2/ [16 October 2016]. Robb, AM Robinson, DT 2012, The capital structure decisions of new firms,Review of Financial Studies, p. hhs072. Sharma, S 2016, Will low solar tariffs hurt Indias sunrise sector? Available from: https://www.livemint.com/Industry/JiaWUtobFnSpiKhmx5P2fI/Will-low-solar-tariffs-hurt-Indias-sunrise-sector.html [16 October 2016]. Solleder, O 2013, Trade effects of export taxes,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Working Paper, no.08.

Structure of Circulated processing

Question: Discuss about the Structure of Circulated processing. Answer: Introduction: Numerous organizations are searching for approaches to compel additional business quality, rethink their business things, and build an enhanced buyer aptitude in a more advanced world. IT need to fundamentally trade how they convey cost to the business with needs managing the supply of common endeavor applications with more noteworthy speed and dexterity, even as bringing down charges and minimizing perils. More than 70% of our client's CIOs have specified that will build and capacity a decent run half breed cloud in order to soundness these needs to innovate and developing the business. The mission for association it is that it can be mind boggling to pass on together the wellbeing, consistence and unwavering quality of restrictive cloud with the straightforwardness, adaptability and easy access open mists offer, even as keeping up oversee and perceivability - aside from now. A bound together half and half cloud helps organizations enhance quickly whilst as yet conveying association grade execution, flexibility and security. Producer Hybrid Cloud gives on this by method for joining the control, dependability and confidence of individual cloud with the straightforwardness, adaptability and cost proficiency of open mists to change supply of IT administrations. A one-of-assortment built arrangement, it gifts electronic foundation offerings for normal organization capacities crosswise over select and open mists with more prominent pace, versatility and nimbleness in the meantime diminishing charges and minimizing threats. Work processes and programming diagrams change what used to be when handbook into programmed framework provisioning, on-interest, with administration experiences and rate straightforwardness. Built in security and information shield license you to run your half and half cloud with self conviction. Organization Hybrid Cloud is planned, worked in and affirmed with quality in school connected sciences, programmed work processes and outlines to give the foundation to framework as-an administration. Supply IT-as-a-supplier to fulfill your exact exchange wants with extra decisions for information shield, VM encryption, applications, Hadoop, application lifecycle computerization for ceaseless conveyance, biological system augmentations and more. It might give worth to the business 2 x turbo with partnership Hybrid Cloud when in correlation with developing you have IT-as-an administration arrangement. The answer keeps on developing. New capacities are presented as a major aspect of the arrangement free up cycle with EMC looking at the complete answer end-to-end, including updates from past variants. Half breed cloud is made simple by EMC, supplying genuine offerings for every progression of the cloud trip, together with one name support from EMC. The foundational work has been complet ed by means of EMC so which you could point of convergence on adjusting along to your exchange partners and building advanced IT administrations on top of this establishment. Remote Administration: There are interminable security issues for appropriated processing since it wraps various associated sciences including frameworks, databases, working systems, virtualization, profitable resource booking, trade organization, load conforming, concurrence control and memory organization. Thus, security issues for a huge amount of those strategies and associated sciences are proper to disseminated registering. For case, the framework that interconnects the procedures in a cloud ought to be secure. Likewise, virtualization perspective in circulated processing results in different prosperity thoughts. For framework, mapping the virtual machines to the physical machines must be realized securely. Data prosperity fuses scrambling the information furthermore confirming that sensible methodologies are executed for information sharing. Likewise, supportive resource task and memory association computations ought to be secure. Thus, information mining systems could moreover be fitting for malwar e area inside the fogs a strategy which is more by and large gotten in intrusion area procedures. As showed up in figure, there are six watchful zones of the disseminated registering environment the spot equipment and undertaking requires tremendous security care. These six territories are: (1) security of data at loosening up, (2) protection of data in travel, (3) affirmation of customers/applications/approach, (four) convincing division between learning having a spot with select buyers, (5) cloud endorsed and authoritative disperses, and (6) scene response. Encryption is the phenomenal decision for securing information in goes as awesome. Likewise, confirmation and uprightness security segments ensure that data handiest goes the spot the client wishes it to go and it isn't adjusted in travel. Resource Management: Effective confirmation is a mandatory necessity for any cloud organization. Client confirmation is the premier establishment for passage oversees. In the cloud environment, confirmation and access control are more vital than any time in recent memory considering that the cloud and the majority of its learning are open to anybody over the web. The relied on upon registering group's (TCG's) IF-MAP standard takes into consideration continuous dispatch between a cloud administration supplier and the customer about authorized clients and distinctive security issue. At the point when a buyer's section benefit is denied or reassigned, the customer's character administration procedure can inform the cloud supplier continuously all together that the individual's cloud access may likewise be changed or renounced inside an uncommonly brisk range of time. One of the imperative more evident cloud issues is partition between a cloud supplier's clients (who could likewise be contending firms and even programmers) to block coincidental or deliberate section to touchy skill. Quite often a cloud supplier would utilize advanced machines (VMs) and a hypervisor to discrete customers. Innovations are presently accessible that may outfit huge assurance upgrades for VMs and advanced system partition. In addition, the trusted stage module (TPM) can give equipment focused confirmation of hypervisor and VM uprightness and in this manner ensure intense system division and security. SLA Management: A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is an agreement report then again an appropriate arranged assention established upon the expectation furthermore, interests that exists between the Cloud administration merchants and the cloud clients. It involves the brief expressions furthermore, conditions whereupon the offerings being supplied by method for the administration merchants. SLAs gives a straightforward perspective to the cloud clients for making sense of about the cloud climate, which involves the points of interest and negative parts of the cloud, cloud offerings, cloud sending and security issue ,commitments, sureties and guarantees of the offerings. The figure-2 demonstrated underneath offers clear thought with respect to the SLA. Yearnings OF making utilization of SLA It gives an unmistakable motivation with respect to the cloud supplier suppliers. It depicts the record of offerings (SaaS, PaaS and IaaS) the merchants will give together entirety depiction of each administration. The thought process and focuses about the business stage protection arrangements i.e administration stage contract (SLA) in straightforward technique, which incorporates the parts of the cloud administration suppliers and the cloud clients. It is utilized to think about the vital thing security and privateness administration strategies for cloud environment. It screens the transporter top of the line, execution, needs, furthermore, commitments from transporter variable of perspective. It gives a conspicuous perspective to think about the supplier administration imperatives if there should arise an occurrence of cloud administration disappointment. Assortments oF SLA Service Level Agreement (SLA) is major for utilizing the cloud administrations, as it is an agreement for business courses of action of all assortments, that comprehended by means of every transporter sellers and the clients. So settled on the sorts of clients and the administrations , SLAs are classified into 5 forms. Customer focused SLA: It's the agreement with element private workforce which covers all offerings use by the clients. Supplier set up SLA: It's an agreement or contract between the cloud administration supplier and every single enrolled client using the administration. Multilevel SLA: Such SLA incorporate particular stages, every level shows the examples of elite buyers for same supplier. Client level SLA: It incorporates all SLA (administration stage organization) issues significant to group of particular clients. Supplier level SLA: It includes all SLA (administration stage organization) scatters integral to exceptional supplier, in connection with purchaser Staff. Backup and Recovery: Organizations progressively see cloud as the speediest and most bendy answer for supply new capacities and offerings. It abstracts away a portion of the operational difficulties of sending by means of giving administrations like base, storing, and databases. Cloud robotizes the provisioning, organization, reinforcement, mending, DR, and adaptability of the database without the need for a DBA. It furthermore can give economies of scale by method for versatile ability, mechanization, institutionalization. Cloud reinforcement and DR for databases, albeit modestly new, is developing in selection as organizations take a gander at supplementing their present on-premises base to help information advance and meet new exchange utility particulars (see figure). Forrester characterizes cloud reinforcement and DR for databases as: devoted or multitenant open cloud offerings that backings database reinforcement and recuperation, and catastrophe rebuilding in a institutionalized, pay-per-use, self-bearer and computerized way. Distributed storage administrations are a subset of the aggregate cloud computing stage, and all things considered, distributed storage offerings have 4 key qualities that separate these administrations from regular stockpiling structures. They are: Standardized. The cloud supplier exhibits the administrations in the same way every time an undertaking demands it. This does no more limit the sort of capacity offerings available to an undertaking or the exceptional transporter levels that can be given. Pay-per-use. The supplier will screen the utilization of virtual or committed assets to outfit pertinent bookkeeping with measurements to encourage chargeback for utilization. Self-administration. Organizations can straight demand assets through a web or versatile entryway, API, or distinctive head instrument. Automated. The cloud supplier presents standard systems for mechanically provisioning assets from a committed or multitenant base to offer assistance reinforcement and DR capacities. The advantages of a distributed computing stage for databases are numerous, together with: Enhancing database organizations. Cloud frameworks supply you the choice of conveying new databases as quickly as favored. Normal structures can likely take days to introduce and arrange, slowing down the apparatus organization process. Aligning IT spending plans with database request. What number of databases does your organization introduce without accurately knowing how they'll be utilized or the amount of cloud, firms can easily pay just for the resources they utilize, hour by method for hour. Giving a "barrier valve" for top interest: Cloud processing is likewise useful for managing database intermittent spikes considering of Christmas season or some item dispatch exercise. On the other hand than procurement for the normal top of the excursion perusing season, shops can push the extra request directly into a cloud stage. Supplying databases without raising the capex: Cloud processing offers you the capacity to supply new databases without expecting to buy hardware, raising the organization's capital costs. Application advancement and conveyance can each be dealt with using running costs least complex. References: Lowensohn, J. McCarthy, C. (2009). Lessons from Twitters Security Breach. Available online at: https://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-10287558-2.html (Accessed on: November 29, 2012). Microsoft Security Bulletin MS07-049. Vulnerability in Virtual PC and Virtual Server Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (937986). URL: https://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms07- 049.mspx. (November 13, 2007) (Accessed on November 20, 2012). Molnar, D. Schechter, S. (2010). Self Hosting vs. Cloud Hosting: Accounting for the Security Impact of Hosting in the Cloud. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Economics of Information Security, 2010, Harvard University, USA, June 2010. Available online at: https://weis2010.econinfosec.org/papers/session5/weis2010_schechter.pdf (Accessed on: November 29, 2012). Ristenpart, T., Tromer, E., Shacham, H., Savage, S. (2009). Hey, You, Get Off Of My Cloud: Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS09), November, 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA, pp. 199-212. ACM Press, New York, USA, 2009. Salesforce.com Warns Customers of Phishing Scam. (2007) URL: https://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/139353/article.html. November, 2007 (Accessed on: November 20, 2012). Security Evaluation of Grid Environments. Available online at: https://www.slideworld.com/slideshows.aspx/Security-Evaluation-of-Grid-Environments-ppt-217556. (Accessed on: November 29, 2012)

Afghanistan,War,and Children

Afghanistan,War,and Children Free Online Research Papers Afghanistan has been in a continuous state of civil war since the 1970’s. As is known, war affects all aspects of life. The Afghan war has affected billions of people worldwide and quiet possible has had its biggest effect on the children of Afghanistan. About half of the country’s population is under the age of 18, which means 15 million children. Out of that 15 million, 5 million are under the age of 5 (UNICEF). The children of Afghanistan lead dangerous and tortured lives because of these wars. Afghanistan lacks proper child labor laws, health and nutrition programs, and the education that is necessary for these children to grow into civilized citizens of their country. Globally, there are 215 million children against whom the act of child labor is committed (12 June World). In Afghanistan, this problem worsens by the day. Because of all the wars, especially after the Soviet and Taliban invasions, many of the men and women were wounded. These invasions also left many children orphaned and left to survive the streets alone. Those children became adults, adults who grew up without proper schooling and who, for the most part, are illiterate. While those adults survived decades of war and violence they do not possess the education, and/or professional skills to use in the workforce to be able to provide for their families. The children are forced to step up and go out into the workforce. They become the main, and in some cases, the sole, breadwinner for their families and continue the cycle contributing high poverty and low literacy. Some estimate that as much as 30 percent of school aged children are now in the workforce, of that 30 percent, 21 percent are employed in shops and 13 as street vendors. They work 12 hours a day, 7 days a week, and can be found doing anything from working on plantations to repairing vehicles, tailoring, and farming (Mohd). In Kabul, and many other major cities of Afghanistan, these children shine shoes, beg, clean cars, sell plastic bags, scrap metal, paper, and firewood on the streets. A child’s rights officer at the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) says, â€Å"Both male and female children have been the increasing victims of war and criminality in Afghanistan but the government has not done enough to alleviate their hardship and to reduce their deprivation.† (Mohd) Efforts to reduce the child labor rates are underway. According to Article 28 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, every child has the right to education, and free education should be accessible to all children on the basis of equal opportunity. (Yecha) Afghan law also mandates education up to the ninth grade and provides free education up to university level. Afghanistan also made plans in 2006 at the London Convention to have 50 percent of girls and 75 percent of boys enrolled in school by the end of this year. Also, in March of 2010, UNICEF and the Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs signed the UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) Country Programme Action Plan for 2010-2013. (Ayari) Because security in the country is well, insecure. The programme is geared toward â€Å"fast track high-impact interventions† that will tie in with existing development programs, emergency response planning, and that are aimed at accessing areas in disadvantaged communities. Over the next 4 years, 400 million dollars will be spent bettering the country for the future generation. However, child labor is not the only, and definitely not the biggest concern for Afghan children. According to Save the Children, In Afghanistan, it is more likely that a child dies before the age of 5, than it is for the child to ever see adulthood. Nearly 6o percent of Afghani children will die from illness that could have been prevented because of lack of nutrition and lack of access to clean water (One Fourth). Although there are ‘conflict zones’ like Helmand that are the most heavily aided places in the world, there are many families that are outside of these zones that are unable to access food and clean water for their children and yet there is no shortage of food in most parts of the country (McCarthy). Diarrhea and respiratory diseases are major causes of child mortality. Often the main problem is bad hygiene, said Eric Ouannes the head of mission for the French aid organization Action Contre la Faim. More often than not, the problem is bad hygiene and lack of p roper care of the resources the people have. There is no need to alert the world to an impending famine, he says. But there is a need to look closely at health care issues over the long term (McCarthy). The second pillar in UNICEF’s Country Programme Action Plan addresses health care and nutrition. It includes implementing new health, nutrition, and hygiene programs as well as educating communities about prevention interventions. (Ayari) Although improper food and nutrition and an elaborate case of over working of Afghan children has proved life threatening physically, the lack of education in Afghanistan will prove fatal to the country as a whole. Because of the Taliban, girls were not allowed to attend schools and the boys were sold into the military. That generation of children that grew up during the reign of the Taliban has been denied their basic rights to better themselves and thus, better their country. Now because they do not possess the skills needed to survive in the working world, their children are also missing out on schooling to become child laborers and provide for their family instead of attending class and making a more permanent impact. And the cycle continues. Over 70 percent of the population in Afghanistan is currently illiterate. With a sheer lack of schools and the socio-religious mindset that is Afghanistan today; 15 million children are deprived of an education (Afghan Children Deprived). In areas where there are schools, the teachers are underpaid, overworked, and unqualified. Classes must be held in tents, or under trees, outdoors on footpaths, but what happens during bad weather conditions that make it impossible for the children to focus on their learning? Even these spaces become virtually unusable in the worst of conditions. Slowly but surely, the education crisis in Afghanistan is being addressed by both the Afghan government, and organizations helping in the aid of the country. Since 2001, the enrollment of girls in school has gone from 3 percent while the Taliban was in power, to one-third of all students (Afghan Children’s Plight). However, with enrollment reaching new heights, so is the concern for suicide bombings and air strikes from US and NATO forces in, on, and around schools. The new Afghan law declares mandatory education up to the ninth grade and provides free education up to the university level. In 2006, at a conference held in London, Afghanistan government set up goals to have 50 percent of girls and 75 percent of boys in school by the end of this year. (Yecha) This also goes hand in hand with bringing the child labor rates down. If Afghanistan can educate their children and get them off of the streets working, Afghanistan will be in a much better place. UNICEF’s Country Pr ogramme Action Plan also addresses educating some of the worse off communities about prevention of some illnesses in its second pillar (Ayari). In the long run, that will be the answer to Afghanistan’s problem. Education. We as Americans take lightly all that we are offered here in this country; especially what is available to our children. Our government provides food, clothing, living expenses, social security, etc. Granted, our government is not perfect, but here we have been blessed with the â€Å"right† to address our government with our concerns and to see something be done about it. American children, unlike the Afghan children, are protected by child labor laws, running water, and everything necessary readily available for their health and education. The children of Afghanistan are the ones that will make the difference for their country. By educating the up and coming population of the country we can teach them to be self sufficient. By giving the future generation an education, we provide the country with the doctors, nurses, teachers, government officials they need to bring Afghanistan to a better place in the future. â€Å"The young are the only ones that can rehabilitate our count ry, because you cannot start over with the old generation.† Shafiq Popal, 30, leader of a youth organization. By bettering one country, we better our entire world. â€Å"Afghan Children Deprived of Rights.† Daily Outlook Afghanistan 20 Nov. 2009: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 7 July 2010. During the 3 decades of war in Afghanistan, 300,000 children died. A large number of the children that die each year are due to malnutrition and 1/3 of landmine victims in Afghanistan are children. On top of that there are tragic living conditions that affect all aspects of the Afghan children’s lives. The lack of schools and the socio-religious mindset of people deprive 15 million Afghan children of their education. According to Action Aid, the majority of children are working to help support their families, and most of those children are the sole ‘bread winner’ for their families. There are 200,000 Afghan children with disabilities, for which the government has no benefits or aid for. The government needs to work to help these children and enact laws that ensure that their rights are not being violated and they can live fulfilling happy lives, as children. The Daily Outlook Afghanistan is the first English, independent newspaper in Afghanistan. It is read nation-wide with 100,000 circulated daily by Afghanistan Group of Newspapers. They are an independent media group that also published Daily Afghanistan, one of the largest newspapers in Afghanistan. Because a lot of the population is illiterate, Daily Outlook Afghanistan is mainly read in embassies, NGO’s, UN Agencies, educational institutions and other organizations. Both the Daily Outlook and Daily Afghanistan go to 32 or 34 provinces in the country. Some of the statistics and facts in the article were used to show the horrible living conditions of the Afghan children. The numbers the article quotes from ActionAid show that child labor is a huge problem in Afghanistan and something must done about it. â€Å"Afghan Children’s Plight.† Daily Outlook Afghanistan 12 May 2010: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 7 July 2010. In this article the author addresses the dangers that Afghan children face in Kabul today. He/she talks about how security in Afghanistan has gone down causing major concerns for the Afghani people, especially children. Martin Bell, UNICEF’s UK ambassador comments that although there has been ‘great progress’ in health, nutrition and education sectors in recent years, the children of Afghanistan are â€Å"at more risk now then they have been since 2002.† Since 2001, the enrollment of girls in school has gone from 3 percent while the Taliban was in power, to one-third of all students. With enrollment going up the concern for suicide bombings and air strikes from US and NATO forces are raising concerns, not only for citizen causalities, but also those involving schools. British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, believes that Afghanistan is the frontline state against the Taliban, and therefore appreciates all the efforts against terrorism there. He says that the work being done there is â€Å"important bulwark against terrorism everywhere in the world.â€Å" The Daily Outlook Afghanistan is the first English, independent newspaper in Afghanistan. It is read nation-wide with 100,000 circulated daily by Afghanistan Group of Newspapers. They are an independent media group that also published Daily Afghanistan, one of the largest newspapers in Afghanistan. Because a lot of the population is illiterate, Daily Outlook Afghanistan is mainly read in embassies, NGO’s, UN Agencies, educational institutions and other organizations. Both the Daily Outlook and Daily Afghanistan go to 32 or 34 provinces in the country. The author states the importance of the efforts in Afghanistan and other countries to rid the world of terrorism. In my paper I used Martin Bell statement that says although there is some progress, there is still a lot that need to be done. While enrollment in schools has gone up for both boys and girls, security is still a big issue. Ayari, Farida. â€Å"New Country Programme Helps Children Achieve Their Rights in Afghanistan.† UNICEF. Ed. UNICEF. N.p., 4 Mar. 2010. Web. 14 July 2010. On February 25, 2010, UNICEF and the Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs signed the UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) Country Programme Action Plan for 2010-2013. (Ayari) Because security in the country is well, insecure. The programme is geared toward â€Å"fast track high-impact interventions† that will tie in with existing development programs, emergency response planning, and that are aimed at accessing areas in disadvantaged communities. Over the next 4 years, 400 million dollars will be spent bettering the country for the future generation. UNICEF stands for the United Children’s Fund. UNICEF was created with this purpose in mind – to work with others to overcome the obstacles that poverty, violence, disease and discrimination place in a child’s path. UNICEF has global authority and the power to influence great decision makers through its many partnerships. It is this that puts UNICEF in such a valuable role as an advocate for children’s rights all around the world. Information from this article was used to explain what UNICEF’s Country Programme Action Plan was, and how it is being used to help the children in Afghanistan live better lives. Mohd, Ahsan. â€Å"Will the Suffering of Afghan Children End?† Daily Outlook Afghanistan: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 8 July 2010. Because of long term wars and conflicts in Afghanistan like the Soviet Invasion and the harsh rule of the Taliban many Afghan children were orphaned and left to survive on their own. Those children became adults, adults without schooling who are illiterate. And while those now adults have survived years and years of war and violence they have no professional skills to use now that they are adults. Those adults now contribute to the high poverty level and their children are now responsible to go and work for a living continuing the cycle. In Afghanistan, 21 percent of child workers are employed in shops; 13 percent work as street vendors. They work 12 hours a day, 7 days a week. They do jobs such as vehicle repair, metal workshops, tailoring and farming. In Kabul and many other major cities of Afghanistan, there are children who shine shoes, beg, clean cars and collect and sell scrap metal, paper and firewood on the street for extra money. A child rights officer at the Afghanistan In dependent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) says, â€Å"Both male and female children have been the increasing victims of war and criminality in Afghanistan but the government has not done enough to alleviate their hardship and to reduce their deprivation.† Something must be done to bring security back to this country so these children can break the cycle and bring Afghanistan back. The Daily Outlook Afghanistan is the first English, independent newspaper in Afghanistan. It is read nation-wide with 100,000 circulated daily by Afghanistan Group of Newspapers. They are an independent media group that also published Daily Afghanistan, one of the largest newspapers in Afghanistan. Because a lot of the population is illiterate, Daily Outlook Afghanistan is mainly read in embassies, NGO’s, UN Agencies, educational institutions and other organizations. Both the Daily Outlook and Daily Afghanistan go to 32 or 34 provinces in the country. This article has a lot of useful information in regards to child labor in Afghanistan. AIHRC is quoted saying that the government is not doing enough to alleviate the hardships that the children (and their families) are facing. This among some of the other facts and figures were used in the paper. â€Å"One Fourth of Children Die before the Age of Five.† Daily Outlook Afghanistan: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 8 July 2010. In Afghanistan, children are more likely to die before the age of five than they are to ever see adulthood, according to Save the Children. At the current rate, one child dies every 2 minutes. According to a study done by Save the Children, 2009 brought more deaths to Afghan children than any other year since the fall of the Taliban. The latest figures show that more than 1,050 children’s lives were lost in airstrikes, explosions, crossfire, and suicide bombings. But the war isn’t the only thing that is taking children’s’ lives. Almost 60 percent of Afghani children will die from preventable illnesses because of malnutrition and lack of access to good clean water. Although ‘conflict zones’ like Helmand are among the most heavily aided places in the world, families outside of these conflict zones are unable to access food and clean water for their children. If the World Aids really want to help they need to extend their aid to places outside o f the conflict zones so that so many wars-stricken children do not have to die. The Daily Outlook Afghanistan is the first English, independent newspaper in Afghanistan. It is read nation-wide with 100,000 circulated daily by Afghanistan Group of Newspapers. They are an independent media group that also published Daily Afghanistan, one of the largest newspapers in Afghanistan. Because a lot of the population is illiterate, Daily Outlook Afghanistan is mainly read in embassies, NGO’s, UN Agencies, educational institutions and other organizations. Both the Daily Outlook and Daily Afghanistan go to 32 or 34 provinces in the country. This article was used to show how poor the health care in Afghanistan, especially for the children, really is. It shows that the rate of children dying unnecessarily from preventable diseases. â€Å"12 June, World Day against Child Labor.† Daily Outlook Afghanistan 14 June 2010: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 14 July 2010. World Day Against Child Labor is observed on June 12 internationally. Eleven years ago the International Labor Organization’s Convention No. 182 was adopted by the international community. In Afghanistan children are not only subjected to various kinds of child labor but also to a lack of security in their country. For most of these families, the children bring in the only source of income, and if the children do not go out and work their family will go hungry. According to a UN report 346 Afghan children were killed in 2009, and if the violence continues the numbers will be worse in 2010. The Daily Outlook Afghanistan is the first English, independent newspaper in Afghanistan. It is read nation-wide with 100,000 circulated daily by Afghanistan Group of Newspapers. They are an independent media group that also published Daily Afghanistan, one of the largest newspapers in Afghanistan. Because a lot of the population is illiterate, Daily Outlook Afghanistan is mainly read in embassies, NGO’s, UN Agencies, educational institutions and other organizations. Both the Daily Outlook and Daily Afghanistan go to 32 or 34 provinces in the country. Some of the statistics and figures in this article were used to help support the fact that child labor is a huge and devastating problem in Afghanistan, and around the world. Yecha, Sher Ali. â€Å"Child Labor in Afghanistan Nothing Done so Far.† Daily Outlook Afghanistan 7 Dec. 2009: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 7 July 2010. One in six children in the world are exploited and/or abused in child labor. These children are everywhere working in landmines, plantations, and workshops. In Afghanistan this problem grows more several by the day. The problem lies in political tension and inequalities socioeconomically. According to some estimates 30 percents of school aged children are working. After the Soviet and Taliban invasion most of the men and women were wounded. Because of this many of these children are often the only source of income for their families. In Afghanistan, 21 percent of child workers are employed in shops; 13 percent work as street vendors. They work 12 hours a day, 7 days a week. Efforts to reduce to reduce the child labor rates are underway. According to article 28 of the convention on the rights of the child, every child has the right to education and free education should be accessible to all children on the basis of equal opportunity. Afghan Law declares education mandatory up to nint h grade and provides free education up to university level. In 2006, there was a conference held in London where Afghanistan set goals that were to be met by 2010. This plan includes enrollment of 50 percent of girls and 75 percent of boys in schools. The Daily Outlook Afghanistan is the first English, independent newspaper in Afghanistan. It is read nation-wide with 100,000 circulated daily by Afghanistan Group of Newspapers. They are an independent media group that also published Daily Afghanistan, one of the largest newspapers in Afghanistan. Because a lot of the population is illiterate, Daily Outlook Afghanistan is mainly read in embassies, NGO’s, UN Agencies, educational institutions and other organizations. Both the Daily Outlook and Daily Afghanistan go to 32 or 34 provinces in the country. To show what is being done in Afghanistan to try and bring up the rates of children in schools. It discusses the goals of the Convention of Rights of Children and the new Afghan Law. Research Papers on Afghanistan,War,and ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtStandardized Testing

5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation

5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation 5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation 5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation By Mark Nichol Phrasal adjectives that consist of more than two words are often flawed in construction, perhaps because writers are hesitant to complicate a phrase with more than one hyphen. But hyphens are cheap and handy linking devices, and as these sentences show, their proper use enhances clarity. 1. â€Å"The high cost of the multi-million dollar catamarans caused many boats to drop out of the competition.† What, exactly, is a dollar catamaran, and what does it mean to describe it as multi-million? That’s the format of the question anyone who describes the cost of something should ask before considering such a sentence complete and correct. For one thing, the prefix multi-, like most prefixes, is almost invariably attached to another word without a hyphen (exception: if the other word begins with an i), but the resulting compound, multimillion, should be attached to dollar to modify what type of catamaran is under discussion: â€Å"The high cost of the multimillion-dollar catamarans caused many boats to drop out of the competition.† 2. â€Å"He met all the deadlines for the challenging four-week long assignment.† The error here is the same as the second one in the previous example the lack of a hyphen creates the impression that the last word in a phrasal adjective is itself modified by the preceding word or words. This sentence refers to a long assignment that is four weeks in nature. But long belongs with â€Å"four-week,† so it should be hyphenated to week to complete the phrase modifying assignment: â€Å"He met all the deadlines for the challenging four-week-long assignment.† 3. â€Å"The adviser some call the world’s second-most powerful man prefers to work behind the scenes. Second-most is a nonsensical modification of â€Å"powerful man.† Powerful is part of the ranking, so it should be part of the phrasal adjective: â€Å"The adviser some call the world’s second-most-powerful man prefers to work behind the scenes.† 4. â€Å"Listen to any song from our vast collection of twentieth and twenty-first century music.† This invitation refers to music of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, not century music of the twentieth and twenty-first. Twentieth is an elided form of twentieth-century, so it should be followed by a suspensive hyphen, and century should be attached to twenty-first with another hyphen: â€Å"Listen to any song from our vast collection of twentieth- and twenty-first-century music.† 5. â€Å"Business must be good for small-businessman John Smith.† Because businessman is a closed compound, this sentence requires a different solution but not â€Å"Business must be good for small-business-man John Smith.† Here, too, an appositive one or more words that rename something is mistaken for a phrasal adjective. For the sentence to work, the appositive must be reworded so that small and business can be hyphenated to modify just what John Smith is an owner of a small business: â€Å"Business must be good for small-business owner John Smith.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With8 Writing Tips for BeginnersPreposition Review #1: Chance of vs. Chance for

The Philosophical Foundations of the American Criminal Justice System Research Paper

The Philosophical Foundations of the American Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example Some years after the independence before the alteration of its constitution, the courts were using a replica of the Great Britain courts. One reason that prompted a change in the constitution was that the British law did not offer equal justice and was favoring the English. Among the amendments that were made in the constitution was provision of due process that still exists in current U.S constitution that suspect possesses the right to be informed of accusations brought against him before appearing on the court and prepare for appropriate defense. The American police are responsible in the attainment of goals of the American criminal justice. They do this by arresting crime suspects, investigating crime, as well as facilitating correction. The American law enforcement is no exception of what America inherited from the Great Britain. Retribution is a method of punishment. Correction aims at reforming criminals and reshaping them to fit in the society. Yet again, it is important to remember that The American criminal Justice System borrows heavily from the Great Britain this notion of correction. Rehabilitation can be discussed under correction; however, it is far much better and humane form of punishment. As opposed to correction, which is a vindictive approach to crime, rehabilitation seeks to help convicted criminals to conform, embrace good moral behavior, and become useful members of the society. While The American criminal Justice has aims and principles that govern its operations, it is also founded on a philosophy.